Discovering Liquid Gold: A Guide to the Different Types of Beer
Beer: It’s a word that ignites passion among both casual drinkers and connoisseurs alike. With its ancient origins and ever-evolving styles, beer has become a beloved staple across the globe. With thousands of breweries constantly pushing the boundaries and redefining what beer can be, there’s never been a more exciting time to explore the world of brewing. Whether you’re a seasoned beer enthusiast or a curious newcomer, this comprehensive guide will help you navigate the vast and rewarding landscape of liquid gold: beer.
The Basics: Lager vs. Ale
Before we dive into the nitty-gritty of beer varieties, it’s essential to understand the fundamental difference between the two primary categories: lagers and ales. All beers fall into one of these two categories, which are defined by the yeast and fermentation process used during brewing.
Lagers
Lagers are brewed with a bottom-fermenting yeast (Saccharomyces pastorianus) that works at colder temperatures, generally around 45-55°F (7-13°C). This lower temperature slows down the fermentation process, which can last from weeks to months. The result is a clean, crisp beer with a smooth and subtle flavor. Lagers typically contain fewer fruity esters and phenols than ales, making them more approachable and easy-drinking.
Ales
Ales, on the other hand, are brewed with a top-fermenting yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) that thrives at warmer temperatures, usually between 60-75°F (15-24°C). The warmer environment allows for a faster fermentation process, typically taking only a few days to a week. This rapid fermentation introduces more complex flavors and aromas, such as fruity esters, spicy phenols, and higher alcohol content. Ales can range from light and delicate to dark and robust, offering a diverse array of flavor profiles.
Now that you have a general understanding of lagers and ales, let’s delve into the wide world of beer styles.
A Hop-tastic Journey: Exploring Different Beer Styles
There are countless beer styles to explore, with more being developed every day. To help you navigate this vast sea of liquid gold, we’ve broken down some of the most popular and interesting styles you’re likely to encounter in your beer adventures.
Pale Lager
Pale lagers are the quintessential easy-drinking beer. They’re light-bodied, crisp, and refreshing—perfect for a hot summer day or a long session with friends. The most famous pale lager is undoubtedly the Pilsner, which originated in the Czech town of Plzeň in the 19th century. The bright golden color, unmistakable Saaz hop aroma, and snappy bitterness make Pilsners an enduring favorite.
Popular Pale Lagers: Pilsner Urquell, Lagunitas PILS, Victory Prima Pils
American Lager
American Lagers diverge from their European counterparts by using adjuncts such as corn or rice, which lend a lighter body and flavor. These popular lagers are the go-to brews for many casual beer drinkers, making them a staple at pubs, bars, and tailgate parties. While some may dismiss these beers as lacking complexity, there’s no denying their refreshing drinkability.
Popular American Lagers: Budweiser, Coors, Miller High Life
Amber Lager
Sometimes called Vienna or Märzen, Amber Lagers offer a maltier, richer alternative to pale lagers. Hints of caramel, toasted bread, and subtle hop flavors make these beers an excellent choice for those who prefer a more robust lager. They’re perfect for cool autumn evenings, and the annual Oktoberfest celebration in Munich, Germany, is famous for its Märzen-style brews.
Popular Amber Lagers: Samuel Adams Octoberfest, Great Lakes Eliot Ness, Paulaner Oktoberfest
Bock
Hailing from Germany, Bocks are strong, dark, and malty beers with a surprisingly smooth finish. They typically contain 6-7% ABV or more, making them a satisfying choice for those seeking a higher alcohol content without sacrificing flavor. Doppelbocks and Eisbocks are even stronger and richer, while Maibocks are lighter and hoppier, perfect for springtime enjoyment.
Popular Bocks: Ayinger Celebrator, Samichlaus Classic, Troegs Troegenator
India Pale Ale (IPA)
Arguably the most popular craft beer style in America, IPAs are known for their bold hop flavors and aromas, ranging from citrusy and piney to dank and resinous. They’re often marked by a strong bitterness, although the recent rise of New England-style IPAs has introduced a softer, juicier hop flavor that emphasizes fruity aroma over aggressive bitterness. IPAs can also be further categorized into English, American, Double/Imperial, and Session IPA sub-styles.
Popular IPAs: Bell’s Two Hearted Ale, Dogfish Head 60 Minute IPA, Tree House Julius
Pale Ale
Pale Ales are balanced, approachable, and often showcase the best of both malt and hop flavors. English Pale Ales are more malt-driven, with a biscuity sweetness and earthy hops, while American Pale Ales are brighter and hoppier, with citrus and pine notes. A perfect compromise for those who crave hoppy beers without the intensity of an IPA.
Popular Pale Ales: Sierra Nevada Pale Ale, Deschutes Mirror Pond, Fuller’s London Pride
Stout & Porter
For those who love dark, roasty beers, Stouts and Porters are the answer. Both styles feature flavors of chocolate, coffee, and roasted malt, but Stouts tend to be heavier and creamier, while Porters are slightly lighter and more drinkable. Sub-styles include the dry Irish Stout, the sweet Milk Stout, the intense Imperial Stout, and the smoky Baltic Porter.
Popular Stouts & Porters: Guinness Draught, Founders Breakfast Stout, Anchor Porter
Belgian Beer Styles
Belgian beers are a category all their own, renowned for their complexity and unique flavors. From the spicy, fruity notes of a Belgian Tripel to the dark, rich flavors of a Quadrupel, the world of Belgian beers is worth exploring. Additionally, styles like Lambic and Gueuze push the boundaries with their tart, funky, and sour flavors—showcasing the wild side of beer.
Popular Belgian Beers: Chimay Blue, Westmalle Tripel, Cantillon Gueuze
Barrel-Aged Beers
As brewers continue to push the limits of beer, barrel-aged brews have gained popularity for their unique and complex flavors. Beers aged in whiskey, bourbon, wine, or rum barrels can take on a whole new depth of character, with notes of vanilla, oak, and the spirit itself adding layers to the already delicious brew.
Popular Barrel-Aged Beers: Goose Island Bourbon County Brand Stout, Firestone Walker Parabola, The Bruery Black Tuesday
As you delve deeper into the world of beer, remember that the only definitive rule is to enjoy the journey. Taste, savor, and discover the liquid gold that awaits you. With so many styles and breweries at your fingertips, there’s never been a more exciting time to fall in love with beer. Cheers!